If women had written books,
'm sure I would have done differently
because they know that they were falsely accused. CP
Épistre au dieu d'amours (1399)
There once was a very lucky girl named Christina. No, not a princess, but could have happened due to the raising of which earned him a privileged position because of his father, Tommaso de Pizzano, nothing less than the astrologer to King Charles. Venetian origin, Don Tommaso had come to the palace on the banks of the Seine, taking the hand of a charming creature, his daughter, who conquered the courtiers with his mere presence. Born in Venice in 1364, Cristina, as his father would change his name to be fully integrated to the French court, and the Italian "to Pizzano," which means "native of Pizza" became "de Pizan." However, his future writing manifest a large Italian influence, namely Dante, his most beloved writer. About his father
write the maiden, attributing the comment to straight, a character created for herself: "Your father (John), the great sage and philosopher, thought that a career in science would be worth less than women. Instead, as you know, caused great joy to your inclination to study. Were female bias Your mother prevented you during your youth deepen and extend your knowledge, because she just wanted to entertain you in spinning and other trifles (...) (The City of Ladies, Siruela, José María Translation Lemarchand, 2001, p. 199). King Charles Cristina could not have the slightest complaint, much less his consort, Queen Joan of Bourbon, who treated her mother's affection. In that environment Cristina did not find any difficulty to devote himself to his greatest passion: the study of literature, which took place smoothly (as they were not called to dinner for his mother who was afraid her daughter would not be limited a pious readings) in a house near the Palace Saint-Pol, one of the residences of the Valois in Paris. Do not miss these hobbies into a maiden whose father was a man of science and whose maternal grandfather was nothing more and nothing less than the anatomist Mondino of Luzzi. He spent his days and nights hover in the ever more fed Biblioteque Royale, slightly shocked with the portrayal of women were his favorite authors and with which he was not identified at all, because I had silly hair and of frivolous, less. As if all this were not enough, the girl married at age fifteen, by choice and not a fixed commitment they used to be the majority, with the king's scribe, twenty-four, Etienne du Castel, who besides looking never hindered him in his passion for literature, moreover, taught him his trade, so converted Cristina end up perhaps in the first lawyer in history. About her beloved husband, I would say Cristina straight through: "(...) There are bad husbands, but there are honest, excellent and prudent. Women who are found to have been born under a lucky star and should thank the heavens with joy. This I know very well (John) for your own experience because you had such a good husband who could not have chosen a better (...) "(p. 171).
As you read between the lines, having received many more blessings that ordinary women of her time, did not prevent Cristina sensitized to the plight of their fellows, so early on focused all its efforts, both artistic and intellectual, to improve the living conditions of women, victims of a series of old prejudices that conditions on the eternal subject and a sterile enclosure, ie, devoid of those elements that are personal growth books. All this makes our maid the first feminist history, although the term has been coined until the mid-nineteenth century in England. Increasingly dissatisfied with the image of itself to restore its authors intended ones, particularly the Greeks (Ovid and Aristotle, for example), Cristina decided to look in their own readings exemplary women whose words were enough to reverse the malignant stereotypes of femininity and certainly had wonderful discovery, by Horace, who Plato found the death under his pillow the songs of Sappho, as you leave based in The City of Ladies, considered his flagship, not translated into English and Dutch until the late twentieth century. The first translation into English released until XXI, we owe it to Marie Joseph Lemarchand, who in his notes to the edition before us we are surprised by asserting that while efforts to modernize the text without distorting its original meaning, had to omit terms that would sound too modern. In this book, I would The Treasure of the City of Ladies (1405), a book of advice for women.
The goddess Fortuna, which Craig refers to the same resentment with which we would refer to an ungrateful friend, was to play him a trick: death of his powerful patron, King Charles, whose successors, though not suppressed, nor will paid more attention. Then would come the death of his beloved father and, after ten years of happy marriage, the plague that ravaged Paris in 1389 would take Ettienne leaving his widow heartbroken and unprotected, with two children charge. The widow of a notary would manage to raise her offspring, or, as not so metaphorically in one of his poems: "(...) a woman I became a man / for the fortune willed it so / so I changed it body and spirit / in a natural man, perfect ... "and all I could do was write. In that sense, Cristina de Pizan would be a pioneer in more ways than one at a time because the style is still the author dictates to a secretary or scribe, this medieval lady herself would take the pen and retire to a room to write their own texts, ie four centuries before Virginia Woolf reflect on the need for creative women have a personal space for creation, Cristina was already a fact. This, in a way, makes it also a publisher. To tell Garí Banking, Cristina is the first feminist writer because it is the first to write from the experience of woman's body. But there's more: Cristina de Pizan became the first professional writer in history, ie, the first economic advantage of his talent. With she founded a home corner hitherto unknown: the stud. Lemarchand said: "(...) the" study "Cristina is also for architectural innovation marking a new way of life for a society that was beginning to value privacy. Towards the end of the sixteenth century is isolated from the rest of the chateau at least one camera to retreat (...) "In that seclusion write Cristina The City of Ladies, first published in 1404.
In that work, divided into three books, a harried Cristina begins to feel ashamed of her own sex after looking into all the versions on the contribution the authors, is visited by three distinguished ladies: Reason, straight and Justice. They invite her to participate in the construction of the City of Ladies, and while Cristina up strengths, her new friends refresh its report on the endless parade of female, real and imagined, that contradict the authors misogynist: artists, heroes, saints, queens, inventors, etc.. An action very similar to that employ our Sor Juana y Sombra First fleeting dream, two centuries later: "Go straight," he says Cristina, architect of the City of Ladies-ink mixed with the mortar and the mortar used without repairs because I will provide you with a lot of it thanks to the Divine, advancing in broad strokes to warm your good pen, soon finish the construction of high buildings and beautiful mansions, where they will reside forever ladies of great fame and merit who they are intended. "(p. 155).
But the work on behalf of their oppressed sex is not restricted to the field written: Cristina threw hand knowledge bequeathed by Ettienne right to defend, as far as he could, to women victims of what we now call "domestic violence" . A Lemarchand say became a "champion" as the medieval concept that could be understood in postmodern terms, as a defender of human rights. It became a much admired polemicist who from the pulpit, clerical style, exhorted the men to assess the potential of women and learn to see them for what they really were: subjects and not objects: "(...) If the word was so despicable female and so little authority as they claim, would never have allowed our Lord it was just a woman who announced his resurrection, so he did with Mary Magdalene on Easter Day when ordered to take the news to Peter and other apostles. Blessed be God, for wanting that, besides the infinite gifts that filled females, the messenger was a woman of such extraordinary new "(p. 85). Cristina was also the most passionate advocate of a brave girl fall from grace: Joan of Arc. It was also the first biographer of the saint in life of this, titled sampler about Joan of Arc, while languishing in a dungeon, condemned to the stake. In this book, published in 1429, carried out a dialogue between the maid and the lady who appreciates your comfort and patriotic act that nobody has understood, and could be interpreted by a genuine feminist treatise. Citizenship is one you topics more deeply in the text, referring to the suppression of ecclesiastical and monarchical powers, which seriously hampers a woman to develop our own criteria, so they had to rely on the accused such loopholes laws. By then Cristina, and imprisoned in a convent where he continued his tireless work literary, reflect on the enormous advantage that is incarceration for a woman of genius. Sometimes the convent was preferable, particularly for those who, like Christine de Pizan, wanted to cultivate the spirit and intellect, two closely linked entities at the time. "God has given them (women) (...) a beautiful intelligence that may apply if you want, any of the fields where they exercise the most illustrious men. There are no more or less accessible to them if they want to study and gain fame with an honest job. "(P. 12).
All this did not mean he was blind to the faults and defects of certain female specimens, as in the case of Isabel Bavaria, which although it weighs in The City of Ladies, along with other contemporary artist would be like Anastasia, the official illustrator of the books of Cristina, then publicly scolded when the sovereign government organizes a rival that of his son, betrays her husband the Duke of Orleans and adheres to the cause of the Burgundians was almost as much as to ally with the worst enemies of the French, the English, against whom undertake the so-called Hundred Years War: "(...) I take care of poor women because they represent the feminine nature, but its perversion. "(p. 172).
the same way that the authors offer their works moralizing the ladies of high rank as a way of inviting them to amend their conduct, offered Cristina de Pizan City of Ladies The Duke of Burgundy and John the Fearless, expecting them to reflect on its erroneous position on the female. Another great achievement of our heroine, despite its glorification of the ladies dressed as knights and friars who undertook a man's own deeds in the land war, intellectual and spiritual, was that he never resorted to cross-dressing to be heard, admire and respect. His sermons, it is said, were so intense, well-argued and great, that no man ever dared to refute. Readers may be questioning his current excessive emphasis on female chastity name as one of the greatest virtues, but let's read in light of his time and not ours, where there is the possibility to prevent pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases: sexual relations but did not lead to problems, if not true tragedies, women. And the problems, we know, they merely distract us from the intellectual work.
Author of a military treaty that would quite an impression on Henry VIIII of England, Book of the feats of arms and chivalry, Cristina also made translations of works and wrote several training manuals, which contributed largely to support his family. He was also a copyist. Among his works Letters is the charge account of the novel of the Rose (1398-1402), where angry but firmly rejects the concept misogynist Jean Menu, author of the novel rose, romance of the thirteenth century, so it would become again, in the first polemicist and literary criticism. Christine de Pizan died in 1430, the monastery of Poissy. For a while some of his work was attributed to Giovanni Boccaccio, until in 1786 he regained ownership of the fifteen volumes of which has his complete work.
'm sure I would have done differently
because they know that they were falsely accused. CP
Épistre au dieu d'amours (1399)
There once was a very lucky girl named Christina. No, not a princess, but could have happened due to the raising of which earned him a privileged position because of his father, Tommaso de Pizzano, nothing less than the astrologer to King Charles. Venetian origin, Don Tommaso had come to the palace on the banks of the Seine, taking the hand of a charming creature, his daughter, who conquered the courtiers with his mere presence. Born in Venice in 1364, Cristina, as his father would change his name to be fully integrated to the French court, and the Italian "to Pizzano," which means "native of Pizza" became "de Pizan." However, his future writing manifest a large Italian influence, namely Dante, his most beloved writer. About his father
write the maiden, attributing the comment to straight, a character created for herself: "Your father (John), the great sage and philosopher, thought that a career in science would be worth less than women. Instead, as you know, caused great joy to your inclination to study. Were female bias Your mother prevented you during your youth deepen and extend your knowledge, because she just wanted to entertain you in spinning and other trifles (...) (The City of Ladies, Siruela, José María Translation Lemarchand, 2001, p. 199). King Charles Cristina could not have the slightest complaint, much less his consort, Queen Joan of Bourbon, who treated her mother's affection. In that environment Cristina did not find any difficulty to devote himself to his greatest passion: the study of literature, which took place smoothly (as they were not called to dinner for his mother who was afraid her daughter would not be limited a pious readings) in a house near the Palace Saint-Pol, one of the residences of the Valois in Paris. Do not miss these hobbies into a maiden whose father was a man of science and whose maternal grandfather was nothing more and nothing less than the anatomist Mondino of Luzzi. He spent his days and nights hover in the ever more fed Biblioteque Royale, slightly shocked with the portrayal of women were his favorite authors and with which he was not identified at all, because I had silly hair and of frivolous, less. As if all this were not enough, the girl married at age fifteen, by choice and not a fixed commitment they used to be the majority, with the king's scribe, twenty-four, Etienne du Castel, who besides looking never hindered him in his passion for literature, moreover, taught him his trade, so converted Cristina end up perhaps in the first lawyer in history. About her beloved husband, I would say Cristina straight through: "(...) There are bad husbands, but there are honest, excellent and prudent. Women who are found to have been born under a lucky star and should thank the heavens with joy. This I know very well (John) for your own experience because you had such a good husband who could not have chosen a better (...) "(p. 171).
As you read between the lines, having received many more blessings that ordinary women of her time, did not prevent Cristina sensitized to the plight of their fellows, so early on focused all its efforts, both artistic and intellectual, to improve the living conditions of women, victims of a series of old prejudices that conditions on the eternal subject and a sterile enclosure, ie, devoid of those elements that are personal growth books. All this makes our maid the first feminist history, although the term has been coined until the mid-nineteenth century in England. Increasingly dissatisfied with the image of itself to restore its authors intended ones, particularly the Greeks (Ovid and Aristotle, for example), Cristina decided to look in their own readings exemplary women whose words were enough to reverse the malignant stereotypes of femininity and certainly had wonderful discovery, by Horace, who Plato found the death under his pillow the songs of Sappho, as you leave based in The City of Ladies, considered his flagship, not translated into English and Dutch until the late twentieth century. The first translation into English released until XXI, we owe it to Marie Joseph Lemarchand, who in his notes to the edition before us we are surprised by asserting that while efforts to modernize the text without distorting its original meaning, had to omit terms that would sound too modern. In this book, I would The Treasure of the City of Ladies (1405), a book of advice for women.
The goddess Fortuna, which Craig refers to the same resentment with which we would refer to an ungrateful friend, was to play him a trick: death of his powerful patron, King Charles, whose successors, though not suppressed, nor will paid more attention. Then would come the death of his beloved father and, after ten years of happy marriage, the plague that ravaged Paris in 1389 would take Ettienne leaving his widow heartbroken and unprotected, with two children charge. The widow of a notary would manage to raise her offspring, or, as not so metaphorically in one of his poems: "(...) a woman I became a man / for the fortune willed it so / so I changed it body and spirit / in a natural man, perfect ... "and all I could do was write. In that sense, Cristina de Pizan would be a pioneer in more ways than one at a time because the style is still the author dictates to a secretary or scribe, this medieval lady herself would take the pen and retire to a room to write their own texts, ie four centuries before Virginia Woolf reflect on the need for creative women have a personal space for creation, Cristina was already a fact. This, in a way, makes it also a publisher. To tell Garí Banking, Cristina is the first feminist writer because it is the first to write from the experience of woman's body. But there's more: Cristina de Pizan became the first professional writer in history, ie, the first economic advantage of his talent. With she founded a home corner hitherto unknown: the stud. Lemarchand said: "(...) the" study "Cristina is also for architectural innovation marking a new way of life for a society that was beginning to value privacy. Towards the end of the sixteenth century is isolated from the rest of the chateau at least one camera to retreat (...) "In that seclusion write Cristina The City of Ladies, first published in 1404.
In that work, divided into three books, a harried Cristina begins to feel ashamed of her own sex after looking into all the versions on the contribution the authors, is visited by three distinguished ladies: Reason, straight and Justice. They invite her to participate in the construction of the City of Ladies, and while Cristina up strengths, her new friends refresh its report on the endless parade of female, real and imagined, that contradict the authors misogynist: artists, heroes, saints, queens, inventors, etc.. An action very similar to that employ our Sor Juana y Sombra First fleeting dream, two centuries later: "Go straight," he says Cristina, architect of the City of Ladies-ink mixed with the mortar and the mortar used without repairs because I will provide you with a lot of it thanks to the Divine, advancing in broad strokes to warm your good pen, soon finish the construction of high buildings and beautiful mansions, where they will reside forever ladies of great fame and merit who they are intended. "(p. 155).
But the work on behalf of their oppressed sex is not restricted to the field written: Cristina threw hand knowledge bequeathed by Ettienne right to defend, as far as he could, to women victims of what we now call "domestic violence" . A Lemarchand say became a "champion" as the medieval concept that could be understood in postmodern terms, as a defender of human rights. It became a much admired polemicist who from the pulpit, clerical style, exhorted the men to assess the potential of women and learn to see them for what they really were: subjects and not objects: "(...) If the word was so despicable female and so little authority as they claim, would never have allowed our Lord it was just a woman who announced his resurrection, so he did with Mary Magdalene on Easter Day when ordered to take the news to Peter and other apostles. Blessed be God, for wanting that, besides the infinite gifts that filled females, the messenger was a woman of such extraordinary new "(p. 85). Cristina was also the most passionate advocate of a brave girl fall from grace: Joan of Arc. It was also the first biographer of the saint in life of this, titled sampler about Joan of Arc, while languishing in a dungeon, condemned to the stake. In this book, published in 1429, carried out a dialogue between the maid and the lady who appreciates your comfort and patriotic act that nobody has understood, and could be interpreted by a genuine feminist treatise. Citizenship is one you topics more deeply in the text, referring to the suppression of ecclesiastical and monarchical powers, which seriously hampers a woman to develop our own criteria, so they had to rely on the accused such loopholes laws. By then Cristina, and imprisoned in a convent where he continued his tireless work literary, reflect on the enormous advantage that is incarceration for a woman of genius. Sometimes the convent was preferable, particularly for those who, like Christine de Pizan, wanted to cultivate the spirit and intellect, two closely linked entities at the time. "God has given them (women) (...) a beautiful intelligence that may apply if you want, any of the fields where they exercise the most illustrious men. There are no more or less accessible to them if they want to study and gain fame with an honest job. "(P. 12).
All this did not mean he was blind to the faults and defects of certain female specimens, as in the case of Isabel Bavaria, which although it weighs in The City of Ladies, along with other contemporary artist would be like Anastasia, the official illustrator of the books of Cristina, then publicly scolded when the sovereign government organizes a rival that of his son, betrays her husband the Duke of Orleans and adheres to the cause of the Burgundians was almost as much as to ally with the worst enemies of the French, the English, against whom undertake the so-called Hundred Years War: "(...) I take care of poor women because they represent the feminine nature, but its perversion. "(p. 172).
the same way that the authors offer their works moralizing the ladies of high rank as a way of inviting them to amend their conduct, offered Cristina de Pizan City of Ladies The Duke of Burgundy and John the Fearless, expecting them to reflect on its erroneous position on the female. Another great achievement of our heroine, despite its glorification of the ladies dressed as knights and friars who undertook a man's own deeds in the land war, intellectual and spiritual, was that he never resorted to cross-dressing to be heard, admire and respect. His sermons, it is said, were so intense, well-argued and great, that no man ever dared to refute. Readers may be questioning his current excessive emphasis on female chastity name as one of the greatest virtues, but let's read in light of his time and not ours, where there is the possibility to prevent pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases: sexual relations but did not lead to problems, if not true tragedies, women. And the problems, we know, they merely distract us from the intellectual work.
Author of a military treaty that would quite an impression on Henry VIIII of England, Book of the feats of arms and chivalry, Cristina also made translations of works and wrote several training manuals, which contributed largely to support his family. He was also a copyist. Among his works Letters is the charge account of the novel of the Rose (1398-1402), where angry but firmly rejects the concept misogynist Jean Menu, author of the novel rose, romance of the thirteenth century, so it would become again, in the first polemicist and literary criticism. Christine de Pizan died in 1430, the monastery of Poissy. For a while some of his work was attributed to Giovanni Boccaccio, until in 1786 he regained ownership of the fifteen volumes of which has his complete work.
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